Also made a quick test on osx 10.8.5, with Indesign 8.0.2 CS6 and Acrobat Pro 10.1.9.
It look like it's (partially?) fixed in cmyk for me, but only if you activate 'color proofing' preview in Indesign and, in Acrobat Pro you must check the 'simulate black ink' box
Otherwise if you don't, you cannot have the same preview. If I remind correctly, this was not necessary before 10.x as it was using the monitor profile instead by default (or something like that...)
You also might feel the colors looks different as the app background is different in indesign (medium grey) and Acrobat (dark grey). As you may know, it seriously influence the perception of colours on your screen, so be aware.
However I was suprised that Acrobat Reader (11.x) cannot handle/preview in cmyk correctly with an embedded profile...
why?
see my settings below (in French sorry)
edited by sbgraphic