I am experiencing the same issues. I have created several PDFs from Illustrator CC the past couple days. Some of them print fine and some of them don't. I can find no common denominator yet. They are all 2-layer files and all of them use the same linked background .PSD image on the bottom layer.
I get the same two print error messages as mentioned in the threads above.
I cannot print some of these PDFs from either the latest version of Acrobat (15) or Acrobat Reader DC. However, if I place the non-printable PDFs in say InDesign CC, they print fine? They also print fine from the Apple PREVIEW application. So I am guessing there is noting wrong with the PDFs, but rather with the two Adobe Acrobat apps. One of my clients is having the same problems trying to print the same files on his PC from Adobe Acrobat apps?
Some of the files that trigger these errors are the smallest files of the bunch (Myriad text only in the top layer), so it does not appear to be memory related.
EXAMPLES:
I have uploaded (2) files to Dropbox for your analysis. I made both of these in Illustrator CC and saved as PDFs directly from Illustrator using the [Smallest File Size] Preset. I actually made about (30) of these signs in all - all are identical as far as being 2-layered AI files and all use the same background PSD image. About 25 of the PDF files I made like this for my client to proof printed out fine, the rest gave the two errors. Both of these print fine from PREVIEW on Mac Mavericks and they also both seem to print fine when I place them in InDesign CC and print from there? The 2nd image will not print from Acrobat or Acrobat Reader (any version I have installed including the latest).
NOTE: If I look inside my Print Driver dialog after attempting to print one of these files in question, it says "Stopped - Unable to convert Postscript file".
File that does print: Dropbox - YES.pdf
Files that doe NOT print: Dropbox - NO.pdf